学好英语语法是学好英语这门课程的基础，只有学好了英语语法，知道它的基本规程才能更深入地学习英语。针对英语的学习，我们学大教育专家为大家带来了初中英语语法句式-被动语态，希望可以帮助大家的学习。
被动语态
一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”再如：English is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。
判断：看下面的两个例句，你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动?
He opened the door.他开了门。 (____________)
The door was opened.门被开了。 (____________)
说明：好了，现在我们对被动语态的句子形式有了一个形象的认识，但英语句子是千变万化的，这时就需要你有“火眼金睛”了。下面我们来具体了解一下被动语态的构成。
二、被动语态的构成
被动特点强调宾(语)，用be加上过去分(词)。行为对象作主语，逻辑主语by来引。
1. English is ___________(speak)in Canada.
2. The blouse is ___________(make)of silk.
3. English is ___________(speak)by many people.
谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。
1. Some stamps were ___________(steal)last week.
2. The PRC was ___________(found)on October 1, 1949.
3. Football is ___________(play)in most middle schools.
被动语态须留意，P.P前面助动be. be + P.P
am(is,are)现在时，am(is,are)+P.P
was和were表过去。was(were)+P.P
完成have(has)been。have(has)been+P.P
将来，情态，be原形。will(can,may,must)be+P.P
进行时态两个be，前表时态后加ing。am(is,are)+being+P.P
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
说明：别看英语中一会儿主动被动一会儿现在时一会儿过去时啥的，好像看得咱们眼花缭乱啦。其实呢，这么一堆东西归纳起来，就两点：时态和语态。
歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。
说明：那么，什么时候用被动语态呢?简单的说，凡是汉语中带“被”的句子，都能转换成英语的被动语态。
几种常用时态的被动语态——
1.一般现在时： am/is/are+过去分词
肯定句：Bikes are ___________(sell)in that shop.
否定句：Bikes are not sold in that shop.
疑问句：Are bikes sold in that shop? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
2.一般过去时： was/were+过去分词
肯定句：China was ___________(liberate)in 1949.
否定句：China was not liberated in 1949.
疑问句：Was China liberated in 1949? Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't.
3.一般将来时： shall/will/be going to + be+过去分词
肯定句：An English class will be ___________(give)by Jack tomorrow.
否定句：An English class will not be given by Jack tomorrow.
疑问句：Will an English class be given by Jack tomorrow? Yes, it will. / No. it won't.
4.现在进行时：am/is/are + being+过去分词
肯定句：A car is being ___________(drive)now.
否定句：A car is not being driven now.
疑问句：Is a car being driven now? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.
5.现在完成时：have / has+ been+过去分词
肯定句：A road has been ___________(build)by the government.
否定句：A road hasn't been built by the government.
疑问句：Has a road been built by the government? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn't.
6.情态动词：情态动词+be + P.P
1)This clock can be ___________(repair)here.
2)The trees may be ___________(plant)at other times of the year.
3)The composition must be ___________(hand)in after class.
4)The young trees should be ___________(plant)in spring.
三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：
Some new computers were ___________(steal)last night.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was ___________(publish)in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：
The window was ___________(break)by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was ___________(write)by him. 这本书是他写的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。
主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念;而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
All the people ___________(laugh)at him.
→ He was ___________(laugh)at by all people.
They ___________(make)the bikes in the factory.
→ The bikes are ___________(make)by them in the factory.
歌诀：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
歌诀： 情态动词变被动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。
例如：
We can ___________(repair)this watch in two days.
→ This watch can be ___________(repair)in two days.
You ought to ___________(take)it away.
→ It ought to be ___________(take)away.
They should ___________(do)it at once.
→ It should be ___________(do)at once.
六、含双宾语的主动结构变被动结构
口诀：如遇双宾语，最好变间宾。如若变直宾，be done后加to(或for)
含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语，另一个宾语仍保留在原处。一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变;另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人)不变，这时，间接宾语前通常加介词to，有时加for。例如：
1. My father gave me a new book on my birthday.
→ I was given a new book(by my father)on my birthday.(间接宾语作了主语)
→ A new book was given to me(by my father)on my birthday.(直接宾语作了主语)
2. Father bought me a new coat.
→ I was bought a new coat . (间接宾语作了主语)
→ A new coat was bought for me. (直接宾语作了主语)
七、补充
一些宾补动词如make, see, hear等在主动语态中可以接动词原形(实为省略to的动词不定式)作为宾语补足语的动词在变被动语态是一定要注意恢复to。如：
He made me stand outside. → I was made to stand outside(by him).
I saw him play football. → He was seen to play football(by him).
有一个顺口溜方便记忆：
宾补动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪。主动句中to走开，被动句中to回来。
在上面文章中我们为大家带来了初中英语语法句式-被动语态，希望同学们在学习初中语法的过程中可以利用到这些知识。
